The paper addresses the problems of $\mathcal{L}_2$-stability of a complex system containing local and remote subsystems, which interact by means of a communication channel that produces time-varying delays. Each subsystem is assumed to be QSR-dissipative and to satisfy the “liveness” condition according to J.C. Willems. The control procedure is then constructed under these assumptions on the subsystems. The basic elements of this procedure are the scattering transformations applied to the input-output parameters of the subsystems. As a result, the original input-output parameters of the subsystems transform into wave variables which are transmitted through the communication channel. To eliminate the destabilizing impact of time-varying delays during data transmission, wave variables are scaled by multiplying them by time-dependent factors that estimate the growth rates of time-varying delays. The combination of these two elements (scattering transformation and scaling) ensures $\mathcal{L}_2$-stability of the overall system with QSR-dissipative subsystems and time-varying communication channel delays. The proposed approach generalizes stabilization methods developed for remote interactions of passive systems.
Keywords: QSR-dissipative systems, scattering transformations, wave variables, $\mathcal{L}_2$-stability, communication time-varying
Received April 29, 2025
Revised May 12, 2025
Accepted May 19, 2025
Anastasiia Aleksandrovna Usova, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), PhD, Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620108 Russia, e-mail: ausova@imm.uran.ru
REFERENCES
1. Anderson R.J., Spong M.W. Bilateral control of teleoperators with time delay. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 1989, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1109/9.24201
2. Niemeyer G., Slotine J.J. Stable adaptive teleoperation. IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., 1991, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 152–162. https://doi.org/10.1109/48.64895
3. Lozano R., Chopra N., Spong M.W. Passivation of force reflecting bilateral teleoperators with time varying delay. In: Proc. Mechatronics Conference, Enstschede, Netherlands, 2002, 10 p.
4. Zames G. On the input-output stability of time-varying nonlinear feedback systems. Part I: Conditions derived using concepts of loop gain, conicity, positivity. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 1966, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 228–238. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1966.1098316
5. Willems Jan C. The generation of Lyapunov functions for input-output stable systems. SIAM J. Control, 1971. vol. 9, no. 1. pp. 105–134. https://doi.org/doi:10.1137/0309009
6. Willems Jan C. The analysis of feedback systems. Cambridge, MIT Press, 1971, 188 p.
7. Nuño E., Basañez L., Ortega R. Passivity–based control for bilateral teleoperation: A tutorial. Automatica, 2011, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 485–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2011.01.004
8. A.B. Kurzhanski, A.A. Usova On the duality of mathematical models for problems in mechanics and in the theory of electrical circuits. Proc. Steklov Inst. Math. (Suppl.), 2022, Vol. 317, Suppl. 1, pp. S109–S120. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0081543822030099
9. Abramova V.V. O zadachakh nablyudeniya i upravleniya dlya ostsilliruyushchei tsepi [Control and observation problems for an oscillating chain], Graduate Work, Department of Systems Analysis of the faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics of Lomonosov Moscow State University (CMC MSU). Moscow, Lomonosov Moscow State University Publ., 2020, 34 p.
10. Usova A.A., Polushin I.G., Patel R.V. Scattering-based stabilization of non-planar conic systems. Automatica, 2018, vol. 93, pp. 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2018.03.028
11. Usova A.A., Polushin I.G., Patel R.V. Scattering-based stabilization of complex interconnections of (Q,S,R)-dissipative systems with time delays. IEEE Control Systems Letters, 2019, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 368 373.
https://doi.org/10.1109/LCSYS.2018.2881150
12. Polushin I.G. A generalized scattering framework for teleoperation with communication delays. In: IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2020, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 10064–10069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.2728
13. Polushin I.G. A generalization of the scattering transformation for conic systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 2014, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 1989–1995. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2014.2304396
14. Brogliato B., Lozano R., Maschke B., Egeland O. Dissipative systems analysis and control: theory and applications (Communications and control engineering), 2nd ed. NY, Springer, 2007, 590 p.
15. Willems J.C., Trentelman H.L. Synthesis of dissipative systems using quadratic differential forms: Part I. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 2002, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 53–69. https://doi.org/10.1109/9.981722
16. Usova A.A., Pachkouski K.A., Polushin I.G., Patel R.V. Stabilization of robot-environment interaction through generalized scattering techniques. IEEE Trans. Robotics, 2022, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 1319–1333. https://doi.org/10.1109/TRO.2021.3107231
17. El’sgol’ts L.E., Norkin S.B. Introduction to the theory and application of differential equations with deviating arguments. NY, London, Acad. Press, 1973. 384 p. Original Russian text published in El’sgol’ts L.E., Norkin S.B. Vvedenie v teoriyu differentsial’nykh uravnenii s otklonyayushchimsya argumentom, izd. 2-e, pererab. i dop. Moscow, Nauka, 1971. 296 p.
Cite this article as: A.A. Usova. 2-stability of a remote interaction of QSR-dissipative systems with time-varying delays. Trudy Instituta Matematiki i Mekhaniki UrO RAN, 2025, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 262–279.